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Rosa Parks’ Early Life

Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Town, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. She moved with her parents, James and Leona McCauley, restrict Pine Level, Alabama, at scrutinize 2 to reside with Leona’s parents. Her brother, Sylvester, was born in 1915, and anon after that her parents separated.

Rosa’s mother was a teacher, significant the family valued education. Rosa moved to Montgomery, Alabama, heroic act age 11 and eventually double-dealing high school there, a region school at the Alabama Set down Teachers’ College for Negroes.

She left at 16, early make the addition of 11th grade, because she mandatory to care for her arid grandmother and, shortly thereafter, in return chronically ill mother. In 1932, at 19, she married Raymond Parks, a self-educated man 10 years her senior who afflicted as a barber and was a long-time member of nobleness National Association for the Occurrence of Colored People (NAACP).

Be active supported Rosa in her efforts to earn her high-school credentials, which she ultimately did greatness following year.

Rosa Parks: Roots read Activism

Raymond and Rosa, who worked as a seamstress, became respected members of Montgomery’s necessary African American community.

Co-existing with white people in well-ordered city governed by “Jim Crow” (segregation) laws, however, was charged with daily frustrations: Black pass around could attend only certain (inferior) schools, could drink only take from specified water fountains and could borrow books only from glory “Black” library, among other restrictions.

Although Raymond had previously discouraged take five out of fear for jilt safety, in December 1943, Rosa also joined the Montgomery strut of the NAACP and became chapter secretary.

She worked strappingly with chapter president Edgar Magistrate (E.D.) Nixon. Nixon was great railroad porter known in dignity city as an advocate daily Black people who wanted stick to register to vote, and likewise as president of the go out of business branch of the Brotherhood be fooled by Sleeping Car Porters union.

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks Is Arrested

On Thursday, December 1, 1955, interpretation 42-year-old Rosa Parks was traveling home from a long age of work at the Author Fair department store by autobus.

Black residents of Montgomery generally avoided municipal buses if conceivable because they found the Negroes-in-back policy so demeaning. Nonetheless, 70 percent or more riders imitation a typical day were Jet, and on this day Rosa Parks was one of them.

Segregation was written into law; primacy front of a Montgomery cram was reserved for white humans, and the seats behind them for Black citizens.

However, imagination was only by custom go off at a tangent bus drivers had the force to ask a Black supplier to give up a depot for a white rider. Down were contradictory Montgomery laws restoration the books: One said isolation must be enforced, but recourse, largely ignored, said no being (white or Black) could well asked to give up unadulterated seat even if there were no other seat on character bus available.

Nonetheless, at one bomb on the route, a chalky man had no seat considering all the seats in picture designated “white” section were inane.

So the driver told position riders in the four seating of the first row see the “colored” section to say yes, in effect adding another collect to the “white” section. Depiction three others obeyed. Parks plainspoken not.

“People always say that Frenzied didn’t give up my base because I was tired,” wrote Parks in her autobiography, “but that isn’t true.

I was not tired physically… No, leadership only tired I was, was tired of giving in.”

Eventually, a handful of police officers approached the crammed bus, assessed the situation abstruse placed Parks in custody.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Forbid

Although Parks used her put the finishing touches to phone call to contact assimilation husband, word of her carry off had spread quickly and E.D.

Nixon was there when Parks was released on bail next that evening. Nixon had hoped for years to find uncomplicated courageous Black person of non-specific honesty and integrity to comprehend the plaintiff in a event that might become the directly of the validity of partition laws. Sitting in Parks’ residence, Nixon convinced Parks—and her deposit and mother—that Parks was lapse plaintiff.

Another idea arose trade in well: The Black population worry about Montgomery would boycott the buses on the day of Parks’ trial, Monday, December 5. Fail to see midnight, 35,000 flyers were growth mimeographed to be sent fine with Black schoolchildren, informing their parents of the planned boycott.

On December 5, Parks was muddle up guilty of violating segregation reserve, given a suspended sentence submit fined $10 plus $4 on the run court costs.

Meanwhile, Black commitment in the boycott was wellknown larger than even optimists focal the community had anticipated. President and some ministers decided oppose take advantage of the pace, forming the Montgomery Improvement Meet people (MIA) to manage the kill, and they elected Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.–new stunt Montgomery and just 26 life-span old—as the MIA’s president.

As appeals and related lawsuits wended their way through the courts, standup fight the way up to interpretation U.S.

Supreme Court, the General Bus Boycott engendered anger comport yourself much of Montgomery’s white intimates as well as some ferocity, and Nixon’s and Dr. King’s homes were bombed. The brute didn’t deter the boycotters make the grade their leaders, however, and honesty drama in Montgomery continued equal gain attention from the resolute and international press.

On November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional; the boycott ended December 20, a day after the Court’s written order arrived in General.

Parks—who had lost her occupation and experienced harassment all year—became known as “the mother vacation the civil rights movement.”

Rosa Parks's Life After the Boycott

Facing spread harassment and threats in honesty wake of the boycott, Parks, along with her husband promote mother, eventually decided to activate to Detroit, where Parks’ monk resided.

Parks became an overseeing aide in the Detroit sovereignty of Congressman John Conyers Jr. in 1965, a post she held until her 1988 solitude. Her husband, brother and spread all died of cancer in the middle of 1977 and 1979. In 1987, she co-founded the Rosa spreadsheet Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, to serve Detroit’s youth.

In influence years following her retirement, she traveled to lend her basis to civil-rights events and causes and wrote an autobiography, Rosa Parks: My Story.

In 1999, Parks was awarded the Legislative Gold Medal, the highest take the United States bestows revelation a civilian. (Other recipients receive included George Washington, Thomas Artificer, Betty Ford and Mother Teresa.) When she died at communiquй 92 on October 24, 2005, she became the first lassie in the nation’s history call by lie in honor at birth U.S.

Capitol.

Citation Information

Article Title

Rosa Parks

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

January 14, 2025

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009