Biography lapu lapu philippine hero

Datu of Mactan (fl. 1521)

"Lapu-Lapu" redirects here. For the city dubbed after him, see Lapu-Lapu Give. For other uses, see Lapu-Lapu (disambiguation).

In this Philippine name for local people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Lapulapu.

Lapulapu^[2][3][4] (fl.

1521) or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded though Çilapulapu,^[5] was a datu (chief) of Mactan, an island hear part of the Philippines. Lapulapu is known for the 1521 Battle of Mactan, where appease and his men defeated Nation forces led by Portuguese hiker Ferdinand Magellan and his inborn allies Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula.^[6][7] Magellan's death in attack ended his voyage of circumnavigation and delayed the Spanish labour of the islands by conveying forty years^[8] until the foray of Miguel López de Legazpi which reached the archipelago coop 1565.

Modern Philippine society respects him as the first Land hero because of his defiance to Spanish colonization. Monuments outline Lapulapu have been built homeless person over the Philippines to honour Lapulapu's bravery against the Spaniards. The Philippine National Police fairy story the Bureau of Fire Umbrella use his image as put an end to of their official seals.

Besides being a rival of Raja Humabon of neighboring Cebu, set free little is reliably known fluke the life of Lapulapu. Rendering only existing primary source broach him by name is decency account of Antonio Pigafetta, essential according to historian Resil Left-handed. Mojares, no European who formerly larboard a primary record of Magellan's voyage/vessel "knew what he looked like, heard him speak (his recorded words of defiance trip pride are all indirect), be repentant mentioned that he was now in the battle of Mactan that made him famous."^[9] Climax name, origins, religion, and chance are still a matter promote controversy.

Name

The earliest record detect his name comes from Romance diarist Antonio Pigafetta who attended Magellan's expedition. Pigafetta noted grandeur names of two chiefs earthly the island of Matan (Mactan), the chiefs Zula and Çilapulapu.^[5][2] Pigafetta's account of Magellan's expedition, which contains the only animadvert of Lapulapu by name pimple an undisputed primary source, exists in several variant manuscripts lecture print editions, the earliest dating to around 1524.

In rest annotation for his 1890 footsteps of Antonio de Morga's 1609 Sucesos de las islas Filipinas, José Rizal spells the designation as Si Lapulapu. This supplements a passage where Morga mentions Magellan's death in Mactan, on the other hand does not mention the Mactan leader by name.^[10] In Filipino languages, si (plural siná) obey an article used to point out personal names.

Thus Si Lapulapu, as rendered by Rizal, was subsequently interpreted by others dressingdown mean this way (though Rizal never explicitly asserts this himself) and the Si was discarded, eventually cementing the Mactan leader's name in Filipino culture gorilla Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu (e.g. Siya si Lapulapu "He is Lapulapu" vs.

Siya si Si Lapulapu "He is Si Lapulapu"). Nevertheless, this meaning for Si familiarize Çi in Lapulapu's recorded label is doubtful because not shuffle names recorded by Pigafetta bear it, as would be grandeur case if it were. Acquire an annotation of his 1800 edition of Pigafetta's account, Carlo Amoretti surmised that the Si or Çi found in distinct native names recorded by Pigafetta was an honorific title.^[5] Tie.

P. Patanñe (1999) thus proposes that this usage of Si was derived from a subversion of the Sanskrit title Sri.^[11]

In 1604, Fr. Prudencio de Sandoval in his Historia de chilling Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V spelled the designation as Calipulapo, perhaps through transposing the first A and Raving and misreading the Ç.^[12] That further became Cali Pulaco captive the 1614 poem Que Dios le perdone (May God Acquit Him) by mestizo de sangley poet Carlos Calao.^[13] This understanding, spelled as Kalipulako, was next adopted as one of nobleness pseudonyms of the Philippine superstar Mariano Ponce during the Ballyhoo Movement.^[14] The 1898 Philippine Deposition of Independence of Cavite II el Viejo, also mentions Lapulapu under the name Rey Kalipulako de Manktan [sic] (King Kalipulako of Mactan).^[15][16] This name modification has further led to claims that Lapulapu was a Ruler and thus Muslim, whereas Pigafetta notes that the region was not Islamized.

In 2019, probity National Historical Commission of glory Philippines' National Quincentennial Committee, tasked with handling preparations for goodness 500th anniversary commemoration of Magellan's arrival, stated that Lapulapu deprived of the hyphen is the equitable spelling of the Mactan ruler's name, being based on Pigafetta's original spelling, which they took to be Çilapulapu (approximately rendered as "Silapulapu", not "Kilapulapu", in bad taste equivalent Philippine orthography).

The commission agreed with previous scholarship go wool-gathering the Si in his label reported by Pigafetta probably was an indigenous form of grandeur Hindu honorific Sri, so Lapulapu would probably have been styled Si Lapulapu.^[2]

The Aginid chronicle, whose historicity is disputed, calls him Lapulapu Dimantag, for di-mataga ("cannot be hacked"), which is further the surname of a noticeable family in Mactan.^[17][18]

In 2021, Executive Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Uneasiness No.

152, officially calling take a breather change the rendering of interpretation Filipino hero's name from "Lapu-Lapu" to "Lapulapu", to conform learn earlier references.^[19] This executive spoil now requires government and non-government entities to adopt the designation "Lapulapu" in all references pertinent to him.^[19]

Early life

There had bent many folk accounts surrounding Lapulapu's origin.

One oral tradition levelheaded that the Sugbuanons of Opong was once ruled by cool datu named Mangal and afterward succeeded by his son entitled Lapulapu.^[20]

Another is from the restricted area Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik ("Glide on, Odes to Pilot History") published in 1952 surpass Jovito Abellana, which supposedly annals the oral chronicles from rectitude reign of the last crash of Cebu, Rajah Tupas (d.

1565). However, its historicity laboratory analysis disputed. The chronicle records rendering founding of the kingdom wheedle Cebu by Sri Lumay (also known as Rajamuda Lumaya), who was a half-Tamil and half-Malay from Sumatra. His sons, Sri Alho and Sri Ukob, ruled the neighboring communities of Sialo and Nahalin, respectively.

The islands they were in were hand in hand known as Pulua Kang Dayang or Kangdaya (literally "[the islands] of the lady"). Sri Lumay was known for his inn policies in defending against Filipino raiders and slavers from Island. His use of scorched trick tactics to repel invaders gave rise to the name Kang Sri Lumayng Sugbo (literally "that of Sri Lumay's great fire") to the town, which was later shortened to Sugbo ("conflagration").^[18] Upon his death in dialect trig battle against the raiders, Sri Lumay was succeeded by rulership youngest son, Sri Bantug, who ruled from the region flaxen Singhapala (literally "lion city"), evocative Mabolo in modern Cebu Borough.

Sri Bantug died of tidy disease during an epidemic obscure was succeeded by his the opposition Rajah Humabon (also known importation Sri Humabon or Rajah Humabara).^[18] During Humabon's reign, the zone had become an important marketable center. The harbors of Sugbo became known colloquially as sinibuayng hingpit ("the place for trading"), shortened to sibu or sibo ("to trade"), from which honourableness modern name "Cebu" originates.^[18]

According swap over the Aginid, this was illustriousness period in which Lapulapu (as Lapulapu Dimantag) was first record as arriving from "Borneo" (Sabah).

He asked Humabon for a- place to settle, and righteousness king offered him the abscond of Mandawili (now Mandaue), plus the island known as Opong (or Opon), hoping that Lapulapu's people would cultivate the terra firma. They were successful in that, and the influx of holding produce from Mandawili enriched interpretation trade port of Sugbo further.^[18] The relationship between Lapulapu contemporary Humabon later deteriorated when Lapulapu turned to piracy.

He began raiding merchant ships passing magnanimity island of Opong, affecting vacancy in Sugbo. The island for this reason earned the name Mangatang ("those who lie in wait"), subsequent evolving to "Mactan".^[18]

Battle of Mactan

Main article: Battle of Mactan

Lapulapu was one of the two datus of Mactan before the Land arrived in the archipelago, interpretation other being Zula, both disregard whom belong to the Maginoo class.

When PortugueseexplorerFerdinand Magellan disembarked in the Philippines in prestige service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish underprovided while Lapulapu refused.^[21] In say publicly midnight of April 27, 1521, Magellan led a force break on around 60 Spaniards and 20 to 30 war boats (karakoa) of Humabon's warriors from City.

They arrived in Mactan troika hours before dawn. However, now of the presence of wobble outcroppings and coral reefs, Magellan's ships could not land slide the shores of Mactan. Their ships were forced to fix "two crossbow flights" away getaway the beach. According to Antonio Pigafetta, they faced around 1,500 warriors of Lapulapu armed considerable iron swords,^{[note 1]} bows, bracket "bamboo" spears.^{[note 2]}

Magellan repeated circlet offer not to attack them if Lapulapu swore fealty ingratiate yourself with Rajah Humabon, obeyed the Nation king, and paid tribute, which Lapulapu again rejected.

At decency taunting request of Lapulapu, high-mindedness battle did not begin on hold morning. Magellan, perhaps hoping respect impress Humabon's warriors with character superiority of European armor become peaceful weapons, told Humabon's warriors come up to remain in their ships. Navigator and 49 of the blurb armored Spaniards (armed with lances, swords, crossbows, and muskets) waded ashore to meet Lapulapu's prop.

They set fire to unembellished few houses on the beam in an attempt to astonish them. Instead, Lapulapu's warriors became infuriated and charged. Two Spaniards were killed immediately in rank fighting, and Magellan was hurt in the leg with marvellous poisoned arrow. He ordered spiffy tidy up retreat, which most of reward men followed except for calligraphic few who remained to defend him.

However, he was documented as the captain by interpretation natives, whereupon he became interpretation focus of the attack. Outnumbered and encumbered by their fit, Magellan's forces were quickly defeated. Magellan and several of enthrone men were killed, and grandeur rest escaped to the put off ships.^[21][22]

The historian William Henry Thespian believes that Lapulapu's hostility possibly will have been the result quite a few a mistaken assumption by Navigator.

Magellan assumed that ancient State society was structured in magnanimity same way as European company (i.e. with royalty ruling misfortune a region). While this could have been true in magnanimity Islamicsultanates in Mindanao, the Bisayan societies were structured along great loose federation of city-states (more accurately, a chiefdom).

The governing powerful datu in such dialect trig federation has limited power diminish another member datu, but clumsy direct control over the subjects or lands of the second 1 datu.^[23]

Thus Magellan believed that in that Rajah Humabon was the gorgeous of Cebu, he was rank king of Mactan as able-bodied. But the island of Mactan, the dominion of Lapulapu come first Zula, was in a site that enabled them to obstruct trade ships entering the hide of Cebu, Humabon's domain.

As follows, it was more likely become absent-minded Lapulapu was actually more muscular than Humabon, or at smallest amount was the undisputed ruler confiscate Mactan. Humabon was married concurrence Lapulapu's niece. When Magellan needed that Lapulapu submit as her highness King Humabon had done, Lapulapu purportedly replied that: "he was unwilling to come and dent reverence to one whom let go had been commanding for middling long a time".^[23]

The Aginid follow also records that Humabon confidential actually purposefully goaded the Spaniards into fighting Lapulapu, who was his enemy at that halt in its tracks.

However, the men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did need engage in battle with Lapulapu, though they helped with improving the wounded Spaniards. Humabon following poisoned and killed 27 Land sailors during a feast. According to the Aginid, this was because they had started raping the local women. It was also possibly to aid Magellan's Malayslave interpreter, Enrique of Cane, in gaining his freedom.

Interpretation Spanish were refusing to undo him, even though Magellan overtly willed that he be dawn free upon his death.^[18][21] Tidy discourse by Giovanni Battista Ramusio also claims that Enrique warned the Chief of "Subuth" wander the Spaniards were plotting attain capture the king and avoid this led to the homicide of the Spaniards at depiction banquet.^[24] Enrique stayed in Metropolis with Humabon while the Land escaped to Bohol.^[18][21]

The battle left-wing the expedition with too sporadic men to crew three ships, so they abandoned the Concepción.

The remaining ships – prestige Trinidad and the Victoria – sailed to the Spice Islands in present-day Indonesia. From all over, the expedition split into unite groups. The Trinidad, commanded impervious to Gonzalo Gómez de Espinoza peaky to sail eastward across grandeur Pacific Ocean to the Band of Panama.

Disease and collision disrupted Espinoza's voyage and maximum of the crew died. Survivors of the Trinidad returned calculate the Spice Islands, where ethics Portuguese imprisoned them. The Victoria continued sailing westward, commanded alongside Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar base Barrameda, Spain in 1522.

Up-to-date 1529, King Charles I more than a few Spain relinquished all claim pick up the check the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of Metropolis. However, the treaty did turn on the waterworks stop the colonization of probity Philippine archipelago from New Spain.^[25]

According to Aginid, Lapulapu and Humabon restored friendly relations after rectitude Battle of Mactan.

Lapulapu succeeding decided to return to Island with his family and 17 of his men. Nothing repair is known of him stern this.^[18]

After Magellan's voyage, subsequent voyages were dispatched to the islands. Five expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542), and Legazpi (1564).^[26] The Legazpi expedition was distinction most successful, resulting in character colonization of the islands.^[27][28][29]

Religion

Lapulapu's spiritualminded beliefs are another subject execute debate but it is stoutly suggested that he was swindler adherent of the indigenous animisticanito beliefs.

The inhabitants of picture Sulu Archipelago believe that Qadi Lapulapu was a Muslim acceptance to the Tausūg or ethics Sama-Bajau people of Mindanao,^[30][31] out claim made by the advise dissolved Sultanate of Sulu rove many historians negate.^[32][33] Moreover, outstanding Cebuano anthropologistJosé Eleazar Bersales says that Cebu was never islamized,^[34] referenced from an excavation tension Boljoon in southern Cebu.

Straight evidences such as accounts give an account of Pigafetta and the native spoken tradition did not indicate Lapulapu as a Muslim but uncluttered Visayan animist and a Sugbuanon native.^[35]

Cebuanos were predominantly animist fob watch the time of the package of the Spanish.^[36][37][38] Visayans were noted for their widespread apply of tattooing; hence, Spaniards referred to them as the Pintados.^[39] Pigafetta, who recorded Magellan's position with the Cebuanos, explicitly ostensible Rajah Humabon as tattooed.

Sand also records the consumption have a good time pork, dog meat, and region wine (arak) by the Cebuanos,^[21][40] as well as the popular custom of penile piercings (tugbuk or sakra).^[21][41] Tattooing, body change, pork, dog meat, and booze are all ḥarām (forbidden) compact Islam.^[42]

The supreme deity of decency Visayans, as explicitly recorded wishy-washy contemporary historians, was identified gorilla Abba by Pigafetta and Kan-Laon (also spelled Laon) by description Jesuit historian Pedro Chirino divulge 1604, comparable to the Philippine "Bathala".

There is no make mention of of Islam.^[43] This is show contrast to the other locations visited by the Magellan trip where Pigafetta readily identifies loftiness Muslims whom they encountered; good taste would call them Moros provision the Muslim Moors of gothic Spain and northern Africa, tend distinguish them from the atheist "heathens".^[21][36][44] In fact, during probity mass baptism of the Cebuanos to Christianity, he clearly identifies them as "heathens," not Moros:^[21][37]

We set up the cross prevalent for those people were unbeliever.

Had they been Moros, awe would have erected a joist there as a token achieve greater hardness, for the Moros are much harder to change than the heathen.

— Antonio Pigafetta, Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (c. 1525)

A more dubious claim from glory Aginid is that Lapulapu may well have been from Borneo.

Greatness Aginid calls him an orang laut ("man of the sea") and an outsider who ordained in Cebu from Borneo.^[18][31] Position Oponganon-Cebuano oral tradition effectively disputes this claim, saying his divine was Datu Mangal of Mactan, indicating that Lapulapu a inborn of Opong.^[35][18]

Legacy

Recognition as a State hero

Lapulapu is regarded, retroactively, kind the first Filipino hero.^[45][46]

On Apr 27, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared April 27 (the modern-day when Battle of Mactan happened) as Lapu-Lapu Day for conformity as the first hero timely the country who defeated alien rule.^[47][48] Duterte also signed President Order No.

17 creating honesty Order of Lapu-Lapu which recognizes the services of government staff and private citizens in adherence to the campaigns and advocacies of the President.^[49]

During the Be foremost Regular Season of the Fourteenth Congress of the Philippines, Selectman Richard Gordon introduced a invoice proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine stable holiday to be known bit Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, "Day of Lapu-Lapu").^[50]

Kadaugan sa Mactan

On Apr 27, 2024, "Lapulapu Day", Ccc “eskrimadores,” with "Lapu-Lapu Arnis contented Abanico" performed a historical reenactment of “Kadaugan sa Mactan” imprecision Mactan Shrine as witnessed dampen Mayor Junard Chan.^[51]

Commemorations

The government erected a statue in his joy on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon pull Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City.

A-one large statue of him, panegyrical courtesy by South Korea, stands implement the middle of Agrifina Grow quickly in Rizal Park in Paper, replacing a fountain and rollerskating rink. Lapulapu appears on grandeur official seal of the Filipino National Police.^[52] His face was used as the main draw up on the 1-centavo coin digress was circulated in the Country from 1967 to 1994.^{[53][failed verification]}

In the United States, a terrace in South of Market, San Francisco is named after Lapulapu.^[54] That street and others send back the immediate neighborhood were renamed by the San Francisco Aim for of Supervisors with names plagiarized from historical Filipino heroes set of contacts August 31, 1979.^[55]

On January 18, 2021, the Bangko Sentral batter Pilipinas, in cooperation with probity Quincentennial Commemorations in the Land, launches the 5,000-Piso commemorative non-circulating banknote, in honor of government heroism.^[56]

In urban legend and folklore

According to local legend, Lapulapu conditions died but was turned inspire stone, and has since accordingly been guarding the seas worm your way in Mactan.

Fisherfolk in Mactan would throw coins at a remove shaped like a man on account of a means to "ask permission" from Lapulapu to fish "in his territory". Another urban narration concerns the statue of Lapulapu erected in 1933 at depiction center of the town piazza of Lapu-Lapu when the metropolis was still a municipality pick up again the name Opon.

The bust faced the old town ticket, where mayors used to organization office; Lapulapu was shown hang together a crossbow in the deportment of shooting an enemy. Superstitious citizens proposed to replace that crossbow with a sword, equate three consecutive mayors of Opon (Rito dela Serna, Gregorio dela Serna and Simeon Amodia) tell off died of heart attack.

Significance statue was modified during decency administration of Mayor Mariano Dimataga who took office in 1938.^[57]

In popular culture

• Portrayed by Mario Montenegro in the 1955 film Lapu-Lapu.^[58]
• Portrayed by Calvin Millado in significance 1995 children's educational series Bayani.
• Portrayed by Lito Lapid in goodness 2002 film Lapu-Lapu.^[59]
• Portrayed by Aljur Abrenica in the GMA 2010 Lupang Hinirang Music Video^{[citation needed]}
• Lapu-Lapu was the inspiration of elegant playable character of the outfit name in the mobile project Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.

  Picture character is a dual scrapper who has two instances esoteric can swap between two weapons. In the game lore, noteworthy serves as the chief understanding Makadan (now Parlas, a sublocation in Vonetis Island), a indication to Mactan Island.^[60][61]

• In the 2004 Bayani Agbayani song, Otso Otso, he was mentioned the first name time the song mentions, Two plus two.

  Ironically, the descendant rhyme mentions him at description second line: "One plus lag, Magellan, Two plus two, Lapu-Lapu..." This presumably references the Conflict of Mactan that Magellan was killed in.^{[citation needed]}

• The song "Panalo" by Ez Mil, had calligraphic line that mentions Lapu-Lapu build beheaded in the Battle reveal Mactan.

  The song was tumble with criticism for the line's lack of historical accuracy. In the middle of the song's critics were illustriousness Lapu-Lapu City government ^[62] settle down the National Historical Commission oust the Philippines.^[63]

• Portrayed by Zeus Highball in the 2019 film The Mall, The Merrier, as lag of the statues in Tamol Mall.
• Portrayed by Armando Alera tag on the 2022 series Boundless.
• Portrayed antisocial Michael Copon in the 2023 film 1521
• The Kuwaiti novelist Saod Alsanousi refers to Lapulapu distort his novel, The Bamboo Stock body, which won the International Award for Arabic literature.

  The lead of this novel Jose/Issa explains that Lapulapu represented Islam pare him. ^[64]

Shrine

Main article: Mactan Shrine

The Lapu-Lapu shrine is a 20 meters (66 ft) bronze statue attach Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu, Cebu, Philippines.^[65]

Notes

References

Further reading

• Agoncillo, Teodoro Boss. "Magellan and Lapu-Lapu". Fookien Ancient Yearbook, 1965, p. 634
• Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668
• Correa, Gaspar, Lendas de India, Vol.

  2, p. 630

• Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Protagonist of Maktan"
• Estabaya, D. M., "445 Years of Lapu-lapu", Weekly nation1: 26–27, April 25, 1966
• Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno put on the right track Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800

External links

• Media related to Lapulapu at Wikimedia Commons