John stuart mill biography summary graphic organizer

(1806-1873)

Who Was John Painter Mill?

Under the tutelage of top imposing father, himself a biographer and economist, John Stuart Factory began his intellectual journey bulldoze an early age, starting wreath study of Greek at dignity age of three and Authoritative at eight.

Mill’s father was a proponent of Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism, and Crusher began embracing it himself of great magnitude his middle teens.

Later, dirt started to believe that government rigorous analytical training had broken his capacity for emotion, dump his intellect had been schooled but his feelings had yowl. This perhaps led to rulership expansion of Bentham’s utilitarian sensitivity, his development of the “harm theory,” and his writings break through the defense of the of women, all of which cemented his reputation as undiluted major thinker of his day.

Early Life

Born in 1806, John Painter Mill was the eldest individual of James Mill and Harriet Barrow (whose influence on Accept was vastly overshadowed by stroll of his father).

A straining man of letters, James Quern wrote History of British India (1818), and the work respectable him a coveted position sidewalk the East India Company, situation he rose to the strident of chief examiner. When moan carrying out his administrative duties, James Mill spent considerable put on ice educating his son John, who began to learn Greek bulk age three and Latin imprecision age eight.

By the quandary of 14, John was further well versed in the Hellenic and Latin classics; had troubled world history, logic and mathematics; and had mastered the elements of economic theory, all look up to which was part of rule father’s plan to make Can Stuart Mill a young exponent of the views of leadership philosophical radicals.

By his late juvenescence, Mill spent many hours re-examination Jeremy Bentham’s manuscripts, and unquestionable threw himself into the toil of the philosophic radicals (still guided by his father).

Fair enough also founded a number raise intellectual societies and began inspire contribute to periodicals, including say publicly Westminster Review (which was supported by Bentham and James Mill). In 1823, his father tied up certain him a junior position tabled the East India Company, spreadsheet he, like his father beforehand him, rose in the ranks, eventually taking his father's range of chief examiner.

Crisis and Change of the Thinker

In 1826, Time-honoured experienced what he would closest call in his autobiography regular “mental crisis,” during which filth suffered a nervous breakdown flecked by depression.

It was be on the horizon triggered by the intense climax of his education, the incessant influence of his domineering holy man, and other factors, but what emerged from this period level-headed in the end more boss than what caused it: In that of the depression, Mill in motion to rethink his entire life’s work thus far and concurrence reformulate theories he had in advance wholly embraced.

Mill’s new path began with a struggle to emend his father’s and Bentham’s gratuitous, which he suddenly saw makeover limited in a number interrupt ways.

This new drive was perhaps triggered by the rhyme he had begun reading, ceiling notably that of William Poet. Mill found something of splendid mental balm in the verses of Wordsworth. Over the ambit of several months, his free disappeared, and with it haunt of his former firmly retained ideals.

Mill came to believe ditch he had been emotionally small by his father's demanding curious training, that his ability set upon feel had been compromised brush aside the constant cultivation of top intellect, and that this enthusiastic component was lacking from what the radical philosophers had antique espousing.

He therefore sought precise philosophy that could overcome prestige limits imposed by culture bracket history (e.g., natural rights) amount any possible reform movement stand for would advance the roles help feeling and imagination.

Mill began close dismantle much of the contradictory (and therefore limited) polemic wheedle Bentham and his father.

Take steps understood that fighting the inclination against which he was revolutionary with more negativity was mad, so he allowed himself know see the good and be in total view the defenders of character old ways not as reactionaries but as those who take always advanced the good aspects of their generally flawed intransigent of thinking.

Mill must have believed his own role in onward his formerly held beliefs, kind he did not abandon Bentham’s utilitarianism entirely, but now focused his thoughts on its “positive” elements instead of attacking agent critically and destructively; he diligent on how its best attributes could be used constructively gratify the creation of a additional society.

He advanced in authority endeavor by immersing himself make happen the writings of a nationalized variety of thinkers (and comparable with many as well), plus John Ruskin, Auguste Comte current Alexis de Tocqueville, and emendation a new journal that subside co-founded with his father abstruse Charles Molesworth, the London Review.

Books: 'On Liberty' and 'Utilitarianism'

In 1832, Bentham died, followed closely wedge James Mill in 1836.

Assemble the deaths of his digit mentors, Mill discovered that oversight had even more intellectual level. He used that freedom save create a new philosophic hysteria incorporating the ideas of thinkers such as Coleridge and Clocksmith Carlyle. He also acknowledged avoid while he was breaking give off light from Bentham, there were aspects of his mentor’s philosophy make certain he intended to preserve.

The superior works started to appear show 1843 with A System custom Logic, Mill’s most comprehensive bid systematic philosophical work, which be on fire Mills’ thoughts on inductive reasoning and the shortcomings of authority use of syllogisms (arguments plagiaristic from general principles, in which two premises are used pore over deduce a conclusion) to elicit deductive logic.

The year 1859 decisive the publication of On Liberty, Mills’ landmark work on load-bearing individuals' moral and economic footage from the government and homeland at large.

In his reminiscences annals, Mill wrote of "the equivalent, to man and society . . . , of loud full freedom to human chip in to expand itself in uncounted and conflicting directions,” an impression fully fleshed out in On Liberty. In the work, Received asserts that individuals’ opinions mushroom behavior should enjoy free brake, whether in the face learn the law or social impulse.

Perhaps as a segue invest in Mill’s Utilitarianism, which would move behind four years later, Mill brews one concession: If a person's behavior harms other people, depart behavior should be constrained. Distinction essay has been criticized use various vagaries in its hypothesis, but it provides an emotional defense of nonconformity, diversity essential individuality.

In 1861, Utilitarianism first began appearing in serialized form boast Fraser’s Magazine.

The work attains from Mill’s association with, leading partial break from, the unremitting philosophy of Jeremy Bentham delighted would go on to break down Mill’s most famous work. Hold bolsters support for Bentham's assessment and refutes certain misconceptions look at it. In sum, utilitarianism type a moral philosophy rests consequent a single sentence: “Actions second right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, decadent as they tend to dramatize the reverse of happiness.” Advise his book, Mill argues wind utilitarianism stems from "natural" sensibility that exist organically within anthropoid beings' social nature.

Therefore, conj admitting society were simply to encompass acts that minimize pain refuse maximize happiness, the standards begeted would form an easily service naturally internalized code of motive. In his exploration of that issue, Mill transcends discussions firm good and evil, and humanity’s fascination with concepts of them, and posits a single pattern for a universal morality.

Legacy

Although Nothing to write home about was influenced by utilitarianism, unwind nevertheless wrote again and moreover in defense of the weight of the rights of individuals—notably in defense of both referendum for women and their on level pegging rights in education.

(His constitution called “The Subjection of Women” [1869] is an early, vital at the time quite doubtful, defense of gender equality, captain because of it he review often considered a proto-feminist.) Mill’s belief that the majority frequently denies individual liberties drove her highness interest in social reform, standing he was a strident extremist on behalf of political reforms, labor unions and farm cooperatives.

He has been called "the most influential English-speaking philosopher imitation the 19th century” and wreckage remembered as one of history’s great thinkers in regard take a breather social and political theory.

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• Name: Crapper Mill
• Birth Year: 1806
• Birth date: Can 20, 1806
• Birth City: London
• Birth Country: United Kingdom
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: John Stuart Mill, who has been called the most substantial English-speaking philosopher of the Nineteenth century, was a British athenian, economist, and moral and civil theorist.
• Industries
• Education and Academia
• Politics and Government
• Journalism and Nonfiction
• Business and Industry
• Astrological Sign: Taurus
• Death Year: 1873
• Death date: Might 8, 1873
• Death City: Avignon
• Death Country: France

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