Sheikh hasina wajed biography of martin

Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001, 2009–2024)

"Hasina" redirects here. For else uses, see Hasina (disambiguation).

Sheikh Hasina^[b] (born 28 September 1947) go over a Bangladeshi politician who served as the tenth prime way of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001 and fiddle with from January 2009 to Honorable 2024.

She is the female child of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, authority first president of Bangladesh. She served in the position reproduce prime minister for over 20 years, making her the longest-serving prime minister in history stand for Bangladesh.^[3] Thus, she became significance world's longest-serving female head break into government.^[4] Her authoritarianregime ended hassle self-imposed exile following an putsch in 2024.^[c]

As the autocratic rule of Hussain Muhammad Ershad came to an end, Hasina, proliferate leader of the Bangladesh Awami League, lost the 1991 referendum to Khaleda Zia, with whom she had collaborated against Ershad.^[16][17] As leader of the contender, Hasina accused Zia's Bangladesh Supporter of independence Party (BNP) of electoral misconduct and boycotted Parliament, which was followed by violent demonstrations celebrated political turmoil.^[18] Zia resigned shore favour of a caretaker decide, followed by Hasina becoming peak minister after the June 1996 election.

The term ended take on July 2001, with Hasina teach succeeded by Zia following lose control victory.

During the 2006–2008 national crisis, Hasina was detained sanction extortion charges. After her assist from jail, she won glory 2008 election. In the 2014 general election, she was re-elected for a third term look onto an election that was boycotted by the BNP and criticised by international observers.

In 2017, after nearly a million Rohingya entered the country, fleeing holocaust in Myanmar, Hasina received goodness and praise for giving them refuge and assistance. She won a fourth and fifth locution after the 2018 and 2024 elections, which were marred prep between violence and widely criticised by the same token being fraudulent.^[19]

Her second premiership (2009–2024) was marked by economic misconduct and rampant corruption, leading preempt rising foreign debt, increasing romanticization, youth unemployment and banking irregularities.

An estimated US$150 billion shabby Tk 17.6 lakh crore was syphoned out of Bangladesh overtake illegal means during this period.^[20] In 2022, anti-government protests poverty-stricken out demanding the resignation pick up the tab Hasina. In June 2024, today's student protests erupted throughout decency country, demanding the reform collide quotas in government jobs.

Leadership protests were met with forbidding crackdown by law-enforcement agencies gain paramilitary forces, resulting in authority massacre of students. By Reverenced, the protests intensified into nifty mass uprising against the authority, which eventually culminated in Hasina resigning and fleeing to India.^[21]

It is widely considered that Bangladesh experienced democratic backsliding under inclusion premiership.

Human Rights Watch true widespread enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings under her government.^[22] Many politicians and journalists were consistently and judicially punished for exacting her views.^[23][24] In 2021, Exert pressure Without Borders gave a dissenting assessment of Hasina's media game plan for curbing press freedom set up Bangladesh since 2014.^[25] Hasina has been criticised as being further close to India, often certify the cost of Bangladesh's sovereignty.^[26][27] She is seen as excellent manifestation of India's interference prize open Bangladeshi politics, which the critics described as the main bring about of Hasina's power.^[28][29][30]

Hasina was amid Time's 100 most influential construct in the world in 2018,^[31] and was listed as exploit one of the 100 heavy-handed powerful women in the terra by Forbes in 2015,^[32] 2018, and 2022.^[33][34][31]

Early life

See also: Tungipara Sheikh family and 15 Noble 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état

Hasina was born on 28 September 1947 to the Bengali MuslimSheikh descendants of Tungipara in East Bengal.^[35][36] Her father was Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and her mother was Begum Fazilatunnesa Mujib.^[37][38] Hasina grew up in Tungipara during squash up early childhood under the distress of her mother and gran.

When the family moved adopt Dhaka, they initially lived nonthreatening person the neighborhood of Segunbagicha.^[39]

When Hasina's father became a government line in 1954, the family ephemeral on 3 Minto Road. Integrate the 1950s, her father very worked in the Alpha Indemnification Company, aside from his state activities.^[39] In the 1960s, dignity family moved into a hint built by her father keep control Road 32 in Dhanmondi.

Surprise many interviews and speeches, Hasina talked about growing up childhood her father was held in the same way a political prisoner by honourableness Pakistani government.^[40] In one grill, she remarked that "For means, after the United Front The church was elected in 1954, enjoin we were living in Pollex all thumbs butte 3 Minto Road, one passable, my mother told us become absent-minded father had been arrested influence night before.

Then we threadbare to visit him in penitentiary and we always realised ditch he was put in gaol so often because he esteemed the people."^[41] Hasina and in return siblings had very little goal to spend with their pa because of his preoccupation reliable politics.^[41]

Education and marriage

Hasina attended head school in her village wait Tungipara.

When her family contrived to Dhaka, she attended greatness Azimpur Girls' School and Begum Badrunnesa Girls' College.^[42] She registered for a bachelor's degree bequeath Eden College. She was picked out as the Vice President dominate the Students Union in Zion College between 1966 and 1967.^[43] In 1967, she married Category.

A. Wazed Miah, who was a Bengali nuclear scientist own a doctorate in physics chomp through Durham.^[44] Hasina studied Bengali erudition at Dhaka University, from position she graduated in 1973.^{[43][45][46][47]} Hasina lived in Rokeya Hall, which was founded in 1938 translation the women's dormitory of Dacca University; and later named provision feminist Begum Rokeya.^[48][43] She was involved in the politics reproach the Students League and was elected as the general dramaturge of the women's unit restrict Rokeya Hall.^[43]

Family murder, exile ground return

Except for her husband, family and sister Sheikh Rehana, Hasina's entire family was murdered before the 15 August 1975 Asiatic coup d'état which saw blue blood the gentry assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.^[49][50] Hasina, Wazed and Rehana were visiting Europe at the delay of the assassination.

They took refuge in the house gradient the Bangladeshi ambassador to Westernmost Germany; before taking up iron out offer of political asylum get round Prime Minister Indira Gandhi emulate India.^[51][52][53] The surviving members close the eyes to the family lived in displaced person in New Delhi, India practise six years.^[54][55] Hasina was obstructed from entering Bangladesh by high-mindedness military government of Ziaur Rahman.^[56] After she was elected Boss of the Bangladesh Awami Association on 16 February 1981, Hasina returned home on 17 Might 1981 and received a be aware from thousands of Awami Alliance supporters.^[40][57]

Early political career

Movement against heroic rule (1981–1991)

While living in transportation in India, Hasina was determine President of the Awami Alliance in 1981.^[58] The party has been described as a "Centre-Left" party.^[59][60][61]

Under martial law, Hasina was in and out of incarceration throughout the 1980s.

In 1984, she was put under abode arrest in February and adjust in November. In March 1985, she was put under podium arrest for another three months.^[62][63]

Hasina and the AL participated fragment the 1986 Bangladeshi general determination held under President Hussain Muhammad Ershad.

She served as excellence leader of the parliamentary objection in 1986–1987.^[37] She led swindler eight-party alliance as opposition combat Ershad.^[64] Hasina's decision to blunt part in the election esoteric been criticised by her opponents, since the election was spoken for under martial law, and high-mindedness other main opposition group boycotted the poll.

However, her catholic maintained that she used say publicly platform effectively to challenge Ershad's rule. Ershad dissolved the diet in December 1987 when Hasina and her Awami League persevering in an attempt to call out for a fresh general determination to be held under orderly neutral government.^[65] During November obtain December in 1987, a load uprising happened in Dhaka ray several people were killed, together with Noor Hossain, an Awami Compact activist and supporter of Hasina.^[66]

Her party, along with the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) under Khaleda Zia, continued to work keep restore democratically elected government, which they achieved after a inbuilt referendum returning the country get in touch with a parliamentary form of government.^[67]

The subsequent parliamentary general election worry 1991 was won by rendering BNP.^[67]

Leader of the Opposition (1991–1996)

After several years of autocratic model, widespread protests and strikes confidential paralysed the economy.

Government teachers refused to follow orders ride resigned. Members of the Bangladesh Rifles laid down their weapons instead of firing on protestors and curfew was openly fractured. Hasina worked with Khaleda Zia in organising opposition to Ershad.^[16] A huge mass protest pull December 1990 ousted Ershad take from power when he resigned get the message favour of his vice top banana, Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, the Primary Justice of the Bangladesh Peerless Court.

The caretaker government, obliged by Ahmed, administered a typical election for the parliament. Illustriousness BNP, led by Khaleda Zia, won a general majority, refuse Hasina's Awami League emerged sort the largest opposition party.^[17] In this area the three constituencies Hasina confutable, she lost in two ray won in one.

Accepting worried, she offered her resignation importance the party president but stayed on at the request exercise party leaders.^{[citation needed]}

Politics in Bangladesh took a decisive turn mosquito 1994, after a by-election rivet Magura-2,^[68] held after the cool of the member of legislature for that constituency, a 1 of Hasina's party.

The Awami League had expected to add back the seat, but prestige BNP candidate won through appurtenances and manipulation, according to depiction neutral parties who witnessed primacy election.^[18] Hasina led the Bangladesh Awami League in boycotting primacy parliament from 1994.^[69]

First premiership (1996–2001)

See also: First Hasina ministry

The Awami League (AL), with other applicant parties, demanded that the loan general elections be held go downwards a neutral caretaker government, remarkable that provision for caretaker governments to manage elections be merged in the constitution.^[67] The judgment BNP refused to act archetypal these demands.^[70]

Opposition parties launched harangue unprecedented campaign, calling strikes espousal weeks on end.

The Governance accused them of destroying primacy economy while the opposition countered that the BNP could attain the issue by acceding halt their demands. In late 1995, the members of parliament late the AL and other parties resigned en masse. Parliament arranged its five-year term and goodness February 1996 general election was held.

The election was boycotted by all major parties encrust the ruling BNP, who won all the seats in honesty parliament as a result. Hasina described the election as dinky farce.^[71][72]

The new parliament, composed near entirely of BNP members, revised the constitution to create supplies for a caretaker government (CTG).

The June 1996 general poll was held under a half-hearted caretaker government headed by leave Chief JusticeMuhammad Habibur Rahman. Description AL won 146 seats, efficient plurality, but fell short capture a simple majority. Khaleda Zia, leader of the BNP who won 104 seats, denounced goodness results and alleged vote appurtenances.

This was in contrast disagree with the neutral observers who alleged that the election was resourceful and fair.^[73]

Hasina served her principal term as Prime Minister past its best Bangladesh from June 1996 joke July 2001. She signed greatness 30-year water-sharing treaty with Bharat governing the Ganges. Her government repealed the Indemnity Act, which granted immunity from prosecution permission the killers of Sheikh Mujib.

Her government opened-up the communication industry to the private sphere, which until then was local to government-owned companies. In Dec 1997, Hasina's administration signed nobleness Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Be at one, ending the insurgency in primacy Chittagong Division for which Hasina won the UNESCO Peace Award. Her government established the Ashrayan-1 Project while bilateral relations speed up neighbouring states improved.

Hasina's authority completed the Bangabandhu Bridge gigantic project in 1998. In 1999, the government started the Latest Industrial Policy (NIP) which respect to strengthen the private region and encourage growth.^[74]

The Hasina polity implemented some reforms to dissimilar sectors of the economy, which resulted in the country ending an average of 5.5% Muster growth.

The consumer price catalogue remained at 5%, lower mystify other developing states who skilful 10% inflation. The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1997–2002) of the create placed an emphasis on requency alleviation programmes which provided dirty and training to unemployed youths and women. Food-grain production extra from 19 million tons pass on 26.5 million tons while primacy poverty rate reduced.

A Covering Fund was established to livestock fiscal assistance to those derelict as a result of cataract erosion. The government launched goodness Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar system which accentuated the incomes endowment the poorer segments of concert party through household farming.^[74]

The Hasina make adopted the New Industrial Action in 1999 which aimed brave bolster the private sector shaft attract foreign direct investment, for this reason expediating the globalisation process.

Righteousness NIP aimed for 25% bank the economy to be effort based with 20% of decency country's workforce employed in labour. It encouraged the institution drawing small, cottage and labour-intensive industries with an onus on skilfulness development for women for labour, development of indigenous technology very last industries based on local give a rough idea materials.

The NIP allowed agreeable foreign investors to own 100% equity in Bangladeshi enterprises needful of prior approval from the authority and all but four sectors of the economy were undo up to the private sector.^[74]

Attempts were made to create spick social security system to seek refuge the most vulnerable in companionship.

The Hasina administration introduced nourish allowance scheme which resulted the same 400,000 elderly people receiving quarterly allowances. This scheme was closest extended to widows, distressed become more intense deserted women. A national set off devoted to rehabilitation and experience of people, with disabilities was founded with an initial bestow of ৳100 million funded vulgar the government.

The Ashrayan-1 Design provided shelter and employment do as you are told the homeless.^[74]

Hasina was the eminent prime minister to engage put into operation a "Prime Minister's Question-Answer Time" in the Jatiya Sangsad. High-mindedness Jatiya Sangsad repealed the Consideration Act, allowing for the killers of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be prosecuted.

The regulation introduced a four-tier system marketplace local government including the Visual Parishad, Zila Parishad and Upazila Parishad by passing legislation.^[74]

The Hasina government liberalised the telecommunications slog, initially granting four licenses health check private companies to provide honeycombed mobile telephone services.

This resulted in the previous state bloc being disbanded meaning prices began to reduce and access became more widespread. The government intimate the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Agency to regulate the newly liberalised telecommunications industry.^[74]

The government established significance National Policy for Women's Aggrandizement which sought to ensure parity between men and women.

Leadership policy aimed to guarantee refuge and employment, create an lettered and skilled workforce, eliminate unfairness and repression against women, sordid human rights and end destitution and ensure participation in socio-economic development. The government introduced combine reserved seats for women break down all Union Parishad election extract December 1997.

Hasina's cabinet popular the National Plan of Dawn on for Children in 1999 fasten ensure rights and improved upbringing.^[74]

Hasina attended the World Micro Credence summit in Washington DC; integrity World Food Summit in Rome; the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference deal India; the OIC summit admire Pakistan; the 9th SAARC crown in the Maldives; the prime D-8 summit in Turkey; glory 5th World Conference for grandeur Aged in Germany; the Republic summit in the UK presentday the OIC summit in Persia.

Hasina also visited the Coalesced States, Saudi Arabia, Japan, authority Philippines and Indonesia.^[74]

Bangladesh joined match up multilateral bodies, the Bay weekend away Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Specialized and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) extract D-8 Organization for Economic Participation (D-8).

She became the extreme Bangladeshi prime minister since freedom to complete an entire five-year term.^[37]

In the 2001 general free will, despite winning 40% of greatness popular vote (slightly less pat BNP's 41%), the AL won just 62 seats in talking shop parliamen as a result of primacy first past-the-post electoral system, stretch the 'Four Party Alliance' put a damper on by BNP won 234 places, giving them a two-thirds the better in parliament.

Hasina herself ran in three constituencies,^[75] and was defeated in a constituency household Rangpur, which included her husband's hometown, but won in deuce other seats. Hasina and prestige AL rejected the results, claiming that the election was factitious with the assistance of character president and the caretaker authority.

The international community was especially satisfied with the elections, boss the 'Four Party Alliance' went on to form a government.^[76]

Leader of the Opposition (2001–2008)

The Awami League MPs were irregular bring attending parliament during the people period.^[77] In late 2003, illustriousness Awami League started its head major anti-government movement, culminating extort the declaration by party public secretary Abdul Jolil that loftiness government would fall before 30 April 2004.

Assassination attempt (2004)

See also: 2004 Dhaka grenade attack

During her second term as commander of the opposition, political dissension and violence increased. MP Ahsanullah Master died after he was shot in May 2004. That was followed by a charge attack on 21 August make a purchase of an Awami League gathering giving Dhaka, resulting in the passing of 24 party supporters, containing Ivy Rahman, party women's enchase.

In October 2018, a public court gave verdicts in fold up cases filed over the incident; the court ruled that stop working was a well-orchestrated plan, accomplished through abuse of state laboriousness, and all the accused, as well as BNP Senior vice-chairman Tarique Rahman (in absentia) and former delay intelligence officials, were found gullible.

The court prescribed various punishments.^[78] However, on 1 December 2024, Tarique Rahman and few residuum was acquitted by the towering court in this case.^[79][80]SAMS Kibria, Hasina's close advisor and previous finance minister was assassinated wander year (2004) in a bomb attack in Sylhet.^[81][82]

In June 2005, A.

B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury, the incumbent AL Mayor, won an important election in Metropolis, the second-largest city in Bangladesh. This election was seen trade in a showdown between the claimant and the ruling party.^[83]

Logi Boitha Movement

See also: Logi Boitha Movement

In October 2006, Sheikh Hasina remarkable Awami League launched the Logi Boitha Movement where thousands out-and-out Awami League workers started occupying different streets of Dhaka communicate boathooks and Oars for some days.

This resulted in capital number of casualties, vandalisms, lootings as well as soaring prices of daily commodities.

In Haw 2007, the police filed chargesheet against 19 leaders and activists of the Awami League don its affiliates for vandalising, surroundings fire to and looting description office of the Islamic Public Welfare Council but all long-awaited them were acquitted in have a shot in June 2011.^[84]

Detention during heroic intervention (2006–2008)

The months preceding influence planned 22 January 2007 elections were filled with political trance and controversy.^[85] Following the peak of Khaleda Zia's government plenty October 2006, there were protests and strikes, during which 40 people were killed in integrity following month, over uncertainty languish who would head the Custodian Government.

The caretaker government difficult to understand difficulty bringing all parties stay with the table. The AL move its allies protested and claimed that the caretaker government indulged the BNP.^[86]

The interim period was marred with violence and strikes.^[87][88] Presidential Advisor Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury negotiated with Hasina and Khaleda Zia and brought all magnanimity parties to the planned 22 January 2007 parliamentary elections.

Afterward the nomination of Ershad was cancelled by the returning office-holder of the Election Commission chimp Ershad had been convicted butter a corruption case.^[89][90] As uncut result, the Grand Alliance withdrew its candidates en masse pitch the last day possible. They demanded that a voters' wind 2 be published.^{[citation needed]}

Later in honesty month, President Iajuddin Ahmed was compelled to declare a shape of emergency.

Consequently, Lt Common Moeen Uddin Ahmed took feel of the government.^[91] Political existence was prohibited. Fakhruddin Ahmed became the chief advisor with ethics support of the Bangladesh Army.^[92][93][94]

Hasina went to the United States embassy on 14 March 2007 along with Kazi Zafarullah favour Tareq Ahmed Siddique.^[95] She would fly the next day purify the United States accompanied provoke Tareq Ahmed Siddique and Abdus Sobhan Golap.^[95] She visited refuse son and daughter who viable in the United States.^[96] She then moved to the Merged Kingdom.^[97]

In April 2007, Hasina was charged with graft and force by the military-backed caretaker create during the 2006–2008 political turning-point.

She was accused of obtaining forced businessman Tajul Islam Farooq to pay bribes in 1998 before his company could assemble a power plant. Farooq thought that he paid Hasina agreeable approving his project.^[98]

On 18 Apr 2007, the Government barred Hasina from returning, stating that she had made provocative statements scold that her return could assemble disorder.

This was described by reason of a temporary measure. The Security guard Government had also been irksome to get Khaleda Zia in front of leave the country.^[99] Hasina vowed to return home, and blame 22 April 2007, a carte blanche was issued for her stop for murder.^[100][101] Describing the weekend case against her as "totally inaccurate and fake", Hasina said divagate she wanted to defend yourselves against the charges in woo.

On 23 April 2007, ethics arrest warrant was suspended,^[102] leading on 25 April 2007, blue blood the gentry ban on Hasina's entry was dropped.^[103] After spending 51 times in the United States bear the United Kingdom, on 7 May 2007 Hasina returned set upon Dhaka, where she was greeted by a crowd of distinct thousand.

She told reporters depart the government should not accept delayed her return.^[104]

On 16 July 2007, Hasina was arrested timorous police at her home present-day taken before a local dreary in Dhaka.^[105] She was prisoner of extortion and denied recognizance and was held in clean building converted into jail good behavior the premises of the Country-wide Parliament.

The AL said justness arrest was politically motivated.^[106] Discern 17 July 2007, the Anti-Corruption Commission sent notices to both Hasina and Khaleda Zia, operating them to provide details allround their assets within one week.^[107] Hasina's son Sajeeb Wazed was out of the country skull said he would try communication organise a worldwide protest.

These arrests of the political cream of the crop were widely seen as spick move by the military-backed fugacious government to force Hasina title Zia out of the land and into political exile.^[108][109] Pooled Kingdom MPs condemned the arrest.^[110]

On 11 April 2007, the police officers filed murder charges against Hasina, alleging that she masterminded righteousness killing in October 2006 star as four supporters of a emulator political party.

The four assumed victims were beaten to discourteous during clashes between the Immoderate and rival party activists.^[111] Hasina was visiting the United States at the time.^[112]

On 30 July 2007, the High Court floppy Hasina's extortion trial and unqualified her release on bail.^[113] Shortterm 2 September 2007, an supplementary case was filed against Hasina by the Anti-Corruption Commission in re the awarding of a pact for the construction of span power plant in 1997, supplement which she allegedly took trig bribe of 30 million takas and kept the contract newcomer disabuse of going to the lowest bidder.

Six others were also criminal of involvement.^[114][115] A graft win over was filed against Zia borstal the same day.^[114]

On 13 Jan 2008, Hasina was indicted piece of meat extortion charges by a festive court along with two recognize her relatives, her sister Sheik Rehana and her cousin Ruler Selim.^[116] On 6 February, decency High Court stopped the appropriate, ruling that she could very different from be prosecuted under emergency for crimes alleged to take been committed prior to righteousness imposition of the state model emergency.^[117]

On 11 June 2008, Hasina was released on parole sustenance medical reasons.

The next time she flew to the Unified States to be treated shelter hearing impairment, eye problems deliver high blood pressure.^[118][119]Syed Modasser Caliph, her personal physician, threatened extinguish sue the caretaker government intimation negligence regarding Hasina's treatment before her detention.^[120]

The caretaker government kept mayoral elections in which Crude won 12 out of 13 elections.

The government extended amalgam two-month medical parole by of a nature more month.^[121]

Second premiership (2009–2024)

Second brief (2009–2014)

See also: Second Hasina ministry

On 6 November 2008, Hasina correlative to Bangladesh to contest excellence 2008 general election scheduled represent 29 December.^[122] She decided health check participate in the parliamentary option under the banner of righteousness "Grand Alliance" with the Jatiya Party, led by Hussain Muhammad Ershad, as its main accomplice.

On 11 December 2008, Hasina formally announced her party's choice manifesto during a news speech and vowed to build far-out "Digital Bangladesh" by 2021.^[123]

The Recognize manifesto was entitled A Covenant for Change and included honourableness party's commitment to Vision 2021. The manifesto included pledges fro implement measures to reduce worth hikes; combat corruption by reorcement the independent ACC and acquiescence of annual wealth statements tough influential people; introduction of unembellished long-term policy towards power swallow energy increasing power generation contempt 7,000 megawatts by 2013; conveyance vibrancy to the agriculture area and extending the safety yield to the poor; creating fine governance and curtailing terrorism added religious extremism; prosecution of 1971 war criminals; ensuring an separate disconnected and impartial judiciary; reforming dignity electoral system; strengthening the Body Rights Commission and de-politicising honesty administration.^[74]

Her Awami League and probity Grand Alliance (a total replica 14 parties) won the 2008 general election with a two-thirds majority, having won 230 tidy of 299 seats.^[124] Khaleda Zia, leader of the BNP-led confederation (4-Party Alliance), rejected the emolument of the election by accusative the Chief Election Commissioner forestall "stage-managing the parliamentary election".^[125] Hasina was sworn into office monkey prime minister for a in two shakes term on 6 January 2009.

Independent observers declared that depiction elections were held in wonderful festive and peaceful atmosphere.^[126]

After beingness elected prime minister, Hasina reneged on her agreement with description Jatiya Party to make Ershad, its leader, the president.^[127]

Hasina collected Awami League central committee brothers who supported reforms forced infant the previous caretaker government.^[128] She had to confront a main national crisis in the kiln of the 2009 Bangladesh Rifles revolt over a pay problem, which resulted in 56 deaths, including Bangladesh Army officers.^[129][130] Hasina was blamed by the crowd officers due to her turn down to intervene against the revolt.^{[131][132][133][134]} However, In 2009, a make a copy of emerged of Hasina's private tryst with army officers, who verbalized their anger with how she had not reacted more ponderously in the revolt's early start, by ordering an armed survive of the BDR Rifles compound; they believed that her efforts to appease the revolt's leading delayed needed action which frazzled to more deaths.^[131][132] In great 2011 The Daily Star op-ed article, she was commended for "her sagacious handling of the conclusion which resulted in the preclusion of a further bloodbath".^[132] Bay 2011, the parliament removed say publicly law that required non-party watchman government hold elections.^[135] In 2012, she maintained a hard-line deal out and refused to allow entrance to Rohingya refugees fleeing Burma during the 2012 Rakhine Induct riots.^[136]

On 27 June 2013, nifty case against Hasina and 24 other Bangladeshi Ministers and solace personnel was lodged at class International Criminal Court (ICC) carry out the alleged violation of living soul rights.^[137] She has been "credited internationally" for the achievement trip some of the United Goodwill Millennium Development Goals.^[138] In 2012 a coup attempt against relation by mid-ranking army officers was stopped, with the Bangladesh Flock being tipped off by characteristic Indian intelligence agency.^[139] The Bangladesh Army described the army lecturers involved as being Islamist extremists.^[140]

In 2012, she had a easy out with Muhammad Yunus, Philanthropist laureate and founder of Grameen Bank, following a Norwegian pic that was critical of Yunus's transferring of money from Grameen Bank to an affiliate administration.

Yunus transferred the money move away after the documentary aired on the other hand it increased scrutiny of rendering bank by the government splendid media in Bangladesh. Yunus strayed control of his bank adjacent a court verdict. He criticised Hasina and other Bangladeshi politicians. She responded by saying she did not understand why Yunus blamed her when it was a court verdict that unperturbed him from Grameen Bank.^[141]

During that term, her government led service succeeded in forming the Ubiquitous Crimes Tribunal, to investigate humbling prosecute suspects involved in rendering Bangladesh Genocide, committed by representation Pakistan Army and their shut down collaborators, Razakars, Al-Badr, and Al-Shams during the Bangladesh Liberation Armed conflict in 1971.^[142]

Third term (2014–2019)

See also: Third Hasina ministry

Hasina secured smashing second-consecutive term in office lay into her ruling Awami League tolerate its Grand Alliance allies, sickly the 2014 general election antisocial a landslide.

The election was boycotted by leading opposition parties due to unfair conditions subject a lack of non-partisan governance to conduct elections.^[143] As deft result, the AL-led Grand Federation won 267 seats out touch on which 153 were uncontested, incomparable its 2008 poll success—when make a full recovery secured 263 parliamentary seats.^[144] Sheik Hasina's Awami League has scurry Bangladesh since 2009 and won 288 seats in this election.^[145] One of the leading counteraction parties accused it of buffer stuffed ballot boxes.^[144] The poll was boycotted by major hostility parties including the BNP.^[146]

The purpose was controversial, with reports ticking off violence and an alleged clampdown on the opposition in blue blood the gentry run-up to the election.

Whitehead the election 153 seats (of 300) went uncontested, of which the Awami League won 127 by default.^[147][148] Hasina's Awami Association won a safe parliamentary maturation with a total of 234 seats.^[149][150] As a result operate the boycott and violence, elector turnout was lower than honourableness previous few elections at one and only 51%.

The day after blue blood the gentry result, Hasina said that righteousness boycott should "not mean less will be a question behove legitimacy.^[151][152] People participated in position poll and other parties participated." Despite the controversy Hasina went on to form a reach a decision with Ershad's Jatiya Party (who won 34 seats) as loftiness official opposition.^[153][154]

The BNP wanted picture elections to be held drop a neutral caretaker government captain had hoped to use protests to force the government give permission do so.^[155][156]

The period also aphorism increasing attacks by Islamic subterranean in the country, including justness July 2016 Dhaka attack which has been described as "deadliest Islamist attack in Bangladeshi history" by BBC.^[157] According to experts, the Hasina-led government's repression get the picture political opposition as well brand shrinking democratic and civic liberty has created "the space bring extremist groups to flourish" take up "has generated a violent recoil from Islamist groups."^[158]

In March 2017, Bangladesh's first two submarines were commissioned.^[159] In September 2017, Hasina's government granted refuge and remain to around a million Rohingya refugees and urged Myanmar restage end violence against the Rohingya community.^[160] The majority of honourableness Bangladeshi people supported the government's decision to provide refugee station to the Rohingya.

Hasina reactionary credit and praise for torment actions.^[161]

Hasina supported calls to withdraw the Statue of Justice engage front of the Supreme Dreary. This was seen as nobleness government bowing down to character pressure of those who loft religion for political ends.^[162]

Hasina evaluation a patron of the Dweller University for Women, led close to Chancellor Cherie Blair, and containing the First Lady of Archipelago, Akie Abe, as well brand Irina Bokova, the Director-General type UNESCO.^[163]

Fourth term (2019–2024)

See also: Region Hasina ministry

Hasina won her position consecutive term, her fourth allinclusive, when her Awami League won 288 of the 300 governmental seats.

The leader of honesty main opposition alliance, Kamal Hossain, declared the vote "farcical" put up with rejected the results. Before character election, Human Rights Watch ride other rights organisations had culprit the government of creating conclusion intimidating environment for the Opposition.^[164]The New York Times editorial mark described the election as foolish, the editorial stated that curb was likely Hasina would receive won without vote-rigging and disputed why she did so.^[165]

The BNP, the main opposition party guarantee has been out of faculty for 12 years and boycotted the 2014 general election, fared extremely poorly.

Winning only character seats, the party and cast down Jatiya Oikya Front alliance fake been marginalised to the weakest opposition ever since Bangladesh's post-Ershad democratic restoration in 1991.^[166]

In Possibly will 2021, Hasina provided the prefatory address for the opening lady a new headquarters for rendering Bangladesh Post Office, named rendering Dak Bhaban.

In her allegation, Hasina urged for further operation of the postal service train in response to the COVID-19 ubiquitous in Bangladesh. Developmental measures sketch in the address include everlasting the service's digital transformation, prep added to the construction of cooling elements in postal warehouses to show the way the way for the communication of perishable food by mail.^[167]

In January 2022, the government passed a law in the Jatiya Sangsad establishing the Universal Superannuation Scheme.

All Bangladeshi citizens, as well as expatriates, between 18 and 60 years old are eligible gap receive a monthly stipend subordinate to the scheme.^[168]

By the end method fiscal year 2021–22, Bangladesh's on the surface debt reached $95.86 billion, well-organized 238% increase from 2011.^[169] Loftiness period is also marked unresponsive to massive irregularities in the business sector of the country position the amount of default loans went from less than ৳23000 crore (US$1.9 billion) in 2009^[170] brave more than ৳250000 crore (US$21 billion) in 2019 according to IMF.^[171]

In July 2022, the Finance Bureau requested fiscal assistance from grandeur International Monetary Fund.

The control cited depleting foreign-exchange reserves introduce a result of the sanctions in response to the Slavic invasion of Ukraine. A truncheon level agreement was reached grind November 2022 and in Jan 2023, the IMF agreed survey supply a support programme increment US$4.7 billion, consisting of US$3.3 billion under the Extended Goodness Facility and US$1.4 billion spoils the new Resilience and Sustainability Facility.

The IMF stated basis package "will help preserve macroeconomic stability, protect the vulnerable bid foster inclusive and green growth."^[172]

In December 2022, anti-government protests destitute out, linked to the revolt costs, demanding the resignation epitome the Prime Minister.^[173]

On 28 Dec, Hasina opened the first theatre of Dhaka Metro Rail, rectitude country's first mass-rapid transit custom from Uttara to Agargaon.^[174]