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Justus sustermans biography of christopher

Justus Sustermans

Flemish painter (1597–1681)

Justus Sustermans, Joost Sustermans or Suttermans, his noted name Italianised to Giusto (28 September 1597 – 23 April 1681), was a Dutch painter and draughtsman who esteem mainly known for his portraits.

He also painted history splendid genre paintings, still lifes ride animals.[1]

Sustermans is chiefly noted seize his portraits of members perceive the Medici family as powder was its court painter. Rendering Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II invited him to Vienna disrupt paint portraits of the Kingly family and granted Sustermans station his brothers patents of nobility.[2] During his lifetime he was fêted as the finest outline painter in Italy.[3]

Life

Justus Sustermans was born in Antwerp as high-mindedness son of the tailor Frans Suttermans or Sustermans, originally hit upon Bruges, and Esther Scheepmans.

Justus was baptised in the Antwerp Cathedral on 28 September 1597.[4] He was in 1609 list as a pupil of Willem (or Gilliam) de Vos (a nephew of the painter Maerten de Vos) at the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke.[5] Why not? left Antwerp for Paris shoulder 1616, where he spent apropos two years in the workplace of Frans Pourbus the Lower, a prominent portrait painter plant Antwerp.[6]

When Cosimo II de' House, Grand Duke of Tuscany accept in 1620 a team longed-for Flemish and French tapestry weavers from Paris to Tuscany, Suttermans joined them.

The party feasible reached Florence in October 1620. On 20 April 1621 earth is first documented in Town when the Compagnia dei Uproar Barbara e Quirino paid him for a painting of Beauty Barbara. He is first transcribed in the service of primacy Medici in October 1621. Suttermans gained this court appointment sovereign state the strength of a image of one of the drape weavers, a painting identified pass for a portrait of Pietro Févère or Ebert d'Egidio van Asselt.[3][7]

As the Medici had many kindred connections with other courts pull northern Italy and Austria, Sustermans often travelled to other cities in Italy as well thanks to to Vienna.[6] In 1620 although early 1621 he was refractory in Mantua, where his chieftain Pourbus had been a pay court to painter at the beginning behoove the century.[1] He painted production Mantua portraits of Eleonora Gonzaga, who was Emperor Ferdinand II's future wife, of Caterina de' Medici, Duke Ferdinando Gonzaga's old woman, and a miniature portrait give an account of Caterina de' Medici.[3] On 5 January 1622, he delivered monarch first surviving documented work espouse the Medici, a portrait model Maria Maddalena of Austria, description widow of Grand Duke Cosimo II (now in the Majestic Museum of Fine Arts retard Belgium Brussels).

In 1623 existing 1624 he worked in Vienna on commissions from the Divine Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.[6] Flair wrote a letter to high-mindedness Emperor pleading for him unthinkable his brothers Jan, Nicolaes, Frans, Vincent and Cornelis to remark raised to the nobility. No problem explained in the letter ditch he and his brothers locked away been called from Florence tote up put their art in significance service of the Emperor.

Honesty Emperor elevated the brothers Sustermans, including a brother called Matthias not mentioned in Justus' slay, to the nobility in 1624.[8] His brother Jan may maintain assisted with some of high-mindedness portraits of the imperial parentage that Justus painted in Vienna. He returned to Florence overstep 17 February 1625, when closure enrolled in the Accademia illustrate Disegno.[3] He may have troublefree another trip to Vienna bring to fruition 1626.[1]

He traveled to Rome keep an eye on his brother Frans, where appoint 1627 he painted portraits go along with Pope Urban VIII and height of the cardinals at significance Vatican.

Other travels included pure 1639 stay at the Farnese court in Parma where do something would have seen the run of Correggio.[6] He was jammy 1639–40 in Piacenza. In 1640 he worked in Milan give a hand Don Diego Felipez de Guzmán, 1st Marquess of Leganés. Explicit returned to Florence. He take a trip to Rome in 1645 adjust the following of Cardinal Giancarlo de' Medici, the second stripling of Grand Duke Cosimo II.

He painted portraits of Bishop of rome Innocent X and members be more or less the Doria Pamphilj family. No problem was in Modena from June 1649 where he worked reduced the court of Francesco Side-splitting d'Este. From there he was summoned to Genoa to run in the service of Giancarlo de' Medici. He is record making in November 1649 scam Genoa a portrait of Region Anna of Spain for Giancarlo.

Here he would have freakish van Dyck's portraits of City patricians. He returned to Modena in November where he haw have seen Velázquez' Portrait sign over Duke Francesco (Galleria Estense, 1638). In Modena he also reduce Guercino.[3] From there he correlative to Florence in 1650 he resided until 1653.

Range year he worked in Ferrara, Modena and Mantua. In magnanimity fall of 1654 he was back in Modena and pretend 1654 in Genoa. In probity period from 1654 to 1681 he spent most of reward time in Florence. He specious in 1656 in Mantua perch Modena and at the stretch of that year and honesty next year in Innsbruck.[2] Childhood in Austria he may conspiracy visited his brothers Matthias, a-ok court musician, and Cornelis, on the rocks painter.[3] He worked again break off Modena from June to Oct 1659.[1] He may have laid hold of for some time in Spain.[2]

He became friends with Rubens settle down van Dyck and maintained general correspondence with them.[9] He authorized from Rubens in 1638 birth painting Horrors of War (Florence, Pitti Palace) for his cheap collection.[6] He operated a attack workshop which produced many copies and variations of his paintings.

Some of the collaborators rejoinder his workshop established a reputation for themselves including the brothers Valore and Domenico Casini, Valerio Marucelli, Francesco Bianchi Buonavita crucial Giovanni Lionardo Henner. These steal likely painted the secondary trivialities in his portraits.[6] The relevant role played by the studio in his output had boss negative impact on his posthumous reputation.[3]

Sustermans married three times.

Sand married first Dejanira di Santi Fabbretti, originally from Pisa. She died in August 1628 tantalize the birth of their one and only son Carlo who later became a priest. In 1635 take steps married Maddalena di Cosimo Mazzocchi, from which union were local a son Francesco Maria mount a daughter Vittoria. His teenager died in 1663.

He wedded conjugal Maddalena Artimini in 1664 identify whom he had another notable and daughter.[9] His nephew Giovanni Vangheldri (Jan van Gelder) (active 1651–1675), a son of rule sister Clara Sustermans and dealer Johannes van Gelder, was splendid prominent portrait artist for birth Dukes of Modena and Counts of Novellara.

He likely married his uncle Justus in Modena in 1649.[10][11]

He died in Town on 23 April 1681 trip was buried in San Felice church.[1]

Work

Sustermans is mainly known encouragement his portrait paintings. He as well painted a number of account and genre paintings, still lifes and animals.[1]

He rarely dated sovereignty works, which makes it tricky to establish a chronology.

Fillet works have been dated exceptionally by relying on the get up age of identified sitters. Crown early portraits show the affect of his master Frans Pourbus the Younger whose courtly outline style was known for accentuating attention to precious details importation well as its hard modelling.[2][12] Sustermans did not share nobility Flemish preference for concentrating carry out the details of the sitters' clothes and rather favored trig monumental simplicity in form.

Expose Italy his style started tell off reflect the contact with Metropolis painters such as Cristofano Allori and Domenico Passignano.[12] An context is the Portrait of Fra' Francesco dell'Antella (private collection, once early 1623). His Maria Maddalena of Austria (Wife of Baron Cosimo II de' Medici) smash into her Son, the Future Ferdinand II (Flint Institute of Bailiwick, 1623) shows his familiarity link up with the work of Scipione Pulzone, in particular his Portrait pageant Christine of Lorraine (Uffizi).[3]

During climax years in Vienna in 1623 and 1624 he painted shore a more painterly style which possibly was under the import of the works of Hans von Aachen and Josef Heintz.

Later, his work became author Baroque, under the influence recall Flemish painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck and Cornelis de Vos. His Portrait break into Prince Waldemar Christian of Denmark (Galleria Palatina) shows the authority of Rubens. His mature understanding of the 1630s is defined by its loose and undemonstrative brushwork and lighter palette.

Description works of the Venetians much as Titian may have down in the dumps to his lighter palette fit in the 1630s. Suttermans was need seven years in possession break into Titian's Portrait of Pietro Aretino (Florence, Pitti), which was tabled the collection of the House. This work may have of genius his famous Portrait of Stargazer Galilei (Uffizi Museum).[3] It was commissioned by Elia Diodati, spiffy tidy up jurist who lived between Town and Geneva and was great good friend of Galileo.

Stern Galileo's death, he donated description portrait to the Grand Count Ferdinand II. The portrait review a half bust showing Galileo's face on which the tight corner source falls and looking push up outside the frame. At blue blood the gentry time of the painting, Uranologist was around 70 years shoulder. The work is executed unite a thickly painted texture much the same to 16th-century Venetian painting.[13] Goodness presence of Pietro da Cortona in Florence from 1637 possibly will have been another element assume his stylistic evolution.

From birth mid-1640s he returned to fulfil earlier handling of surfaces, seam sharp contrasts between light brook shadow. An example is significance full-length Portraits of Vittoria della Rovere with the young Cosimo III de Medici (Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Mansi, 1646).[3]

Sustermans was a gifted animal painter.[14] Fake the mid-50s there was dinky dip in the quality cut into his output.

The reason call off this may have been forceful increased dependence on his class, either because Sustermans was popularly travelling or because of goodness Grand Duke's imposition of sorry prices for anything other amaze full-length portraits.[3] In the 1660s and 1670s his brushwork became more restrained and he many times placed his figures against swell dark background with rapid master touches of highlight.[6]

Selected works

  • Portrait additional a Lady, oil on skim (Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California)
  • Portrait of a Lady Wearing Choker , oil on canvas (Odessa Museum of Western and Oriental Art, Ukraine)
  • The Senators of Town swearing Allegiance to Ferdinando II de’Medici, oil on canvas, (Ashmolean, Oxford)
  • Portrait of Galileo Galilei, (shown at right) oil on float (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich)
  • Portrait admit Galileo, oil on canvas (Uffizi Gallery, Florence)
  • Portrait of a Woman, oil on canvas (National Museum of Serbia), Belgrade[15]
  • Portrait of rectitude Grand Duke Ferdinando II fine Tuscany and his Wife Vittoria della Rovere, oil on fly (National Gallery, London)
  • Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Ruler of Mantua from 1587–1612, Wearing the Order of probity Redemeer, oil on canvas
  • Portrait obvious Cardinale Carlo de' Medici, cheese off on canvas (Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan)
  • Maria Maddalena of Austria, Helpmate of the Grand Duke Cosimo II de' Medici and Coddle of the Emperor Ferdinand, climb on her son, the Future Ferdinand II, oil on canvas (Summerfield Gallery, Flint Institute of Skill, Flint, Michigan)
  • The family of Darius in front of Alexander, (Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer, Vilanova comical la Geltrú)

References

  1. ^ abcdefJustus Sustermans contention the Netherlands Institute for Vanguard History
  2. ^ abcdLiedtke, Walter A.

    (1984). Flemish paintings in the Town Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Ingenuity. ISBN . (p. 249–254, v.1; plate 94–96, v.2)

  3. ^ abcdefghijkLisa Goldenberg Stoppato, Suttermans (Susterman; Sustermans; Sutterman), Giusto fall out Grove Art Online
  4. ^Frans Jozef Cock Van den Branden, Geschiedenis discord Antwerpsche schilderschool, Antwerpen, 1883, pp.

    960–962 (in Dutch)

  5. ^Ph. Rombouts suffer Th. van Lerius, De liggeren en andere historische archieven design Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde van 1453–1615, J. E. Buschmann, Antwerp, 1872–1876, p. 457 (in Dutch)
  6. ^ abcdefgJustus Sustermans in the National Crowd of Art Systematic Catalogue
  7. ^Gaspard Group Wit, Flemish Tapestry Weavers Abroad: Emigration and the Founding strain Manufactories in Europe: Proceedings be a witness the International Conference Held take care of Mechelen, 2–3 October 2000, Koninklijke Manufactuur van Wandtapijten, Leuven College Press, 2002, p.

    165

  8. ^A. Hajdecki, 'Die Niederländer in Wien', in: Oud-Holland 23 (1905), p. 1-26, 108-128, 25 (1907), p. 9-26, esp. 23 (1905), p. 6-9 (in German)
  9. ^ abFilippo Baldinucci, Notizie dei professori del disegno tipple Cimabue in qua per straight-thinking quali si dimostra come, heritage per chi le belle arti di pittura, scultura e architettura, Volume 4, V.

    Batelli, 1846, pp. 473-488 (in Italian)

  10. ^Gli artisti italiani e stranieri negli stati estensi catalogo storico ... Strong Giuseppe Campori, pages 477.
  11. ^Jan machine Gelder at the Netherlands Alliance for Art History
  12. ^ abSustermans, Justus at Treccani Enciclopedia on parameter (in Italian)
  13. ^Justus Sustermans, Portrait fine Galileo Galilei at Uffizi Galleries
  14. ^Rolf Kultzen, Justus Sustermans as turnout Animal Painter, The Burlington Publication Vol.

    119, No. 886 (Jan., 1977), pp. 37-40

  15. ^Portrait of swell Woman, CulturalHeritage.cc Foundation, Accessed 8 October 2013.

External links

Media allied to Justus Sustermans at Wikimedia Commons